Paper from trees process, steps ,types .

 

Paper is made in two steps: Cellulose fibers are extracted from a variety of sources and converted to pulp. The pulp is combined with water and placed on a paper making machine where it is flattened, dried, and cut into sheets and rolls. To make paper from trees, the raw wood must first be turned into "pulp." Wood pulp is a watery “soup" of cellulose wood fibers, lignin, water, and the chemicals used during the pulping process

. Wood can be turned to pulp in a couple of different ways.

Steps to make paper from tree

One: The tree is broken down

Cellulose fibers are extracted from a variety of sources and converted to pulp. Most trees are churned out quickly, efficiently, and automatically by gigantic machines.

 Two: Processed

The pulp is combined with water and placed on a paper making machine where it is flattened, dried, and cut into sheets and rolls.

The pulp is prepared for papermaking machines, either mechanically or chemically. The mechanical method is called the groundwood process because the pulp was made initially by using huge stones to grind up logs. In the chemical method, known as the Kraft process, plant materials are boiled up in strong alkalis such as sodium sulfide or sodium hydroxide to produce fibers.

 Three: Bleaching

At this point, loading materials (surface coatings such as clays), dyes (to make colored paper), and sizes (to strengthen and waterproof and prevent inks from spreading) can be added to the mixture to change the properties of the finished paper (sometimes they’re added later).

 Four: Produced

Now a manufacturer produces it into their product which could be construction paper, corrugated boxes, cover stock paper, envelopes, paper bags, wrapping paper, newsprint, books, recycled paper, specialty grades of paper, tissue paper, wallboard, and numerous other products.

 Five: Packaged

Next, the paper item is packaged and is sold in stores and online.

Which trees are used to make paper

Acacia

 Acacia mollissima and means are native to Australia, grown in the east and south Africa, and other parts of the world.

Aspen Tree

Native to Scotland, Ireland, England, and Wales, grown across Europe including Sweden, Poland, and Russia.

Birch

The birch tree is a thin-leaved deciduous hardwood tree of the genus Betula. It is generally small to medium-sized trees or shrubs, mostly of northern temperate and boreal climates.

Eucalyptus

Eucalyptus is a diverse genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. It thrives in mild climates and dry, sandy sites and grows quickly into a beautiful shade tree.

Maple

Maple tree also caked Acer, is a genus of tree or shrubs. It has 128 species over the world. Most of the species are native to Asia, and more and more species are also seen in Europe, northern Africa, and North America. 

Oak

Grown throughout southwest Oregon, Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada, Southern California.

Found in southeast Canada including New Brunswick and Ontario and 33 US eastern states.

Poplar

Found across southern Canada and 34 US states including Alaska, California, and Delaware. This occurs in 30 states in the US including Texas, Louisiana, and Virginia.

Fir

Occurs in Great Britain, Ireland, France, Belgium, Germany, New Zealand, Australia, Alberta, and British Columbia in Canada, US west coast states such as Arizona, California, and Nevada as well as New York.

Pine

Grown from Scotland to the Pacific Coast of Siberia, Finland, Sweden, and Norway to Spain, Arctic Siberia to Mongolia, Mediterranean, southeastern Canada, and the northeastern United States, from New England to Iowa.

Sugarcane

It is very useful and from sugarcane, the paper is being made easily from waste.

Bamboo

The bamboo pulp can be made into bamboo paper. Bamboo paper is strong and it has wide applications. The bleached bamboo paper is used to manufacture offset paper, typing paper, and high-grade culture paper. The unbleached bamboo paper is generally applied to package papermaking.

How is paper made chemically?

To begin the process, the cellulose has to be boiled, beaten, or shredded into tiny fibers. The paper pulp, made up of those tiny fibers is then spread into sheets, pressed, and dried to make paper. To make a strong paper, you need long fibers which is why the pulp has to be beaten instead of chopped.

Types of paper 

Repro paper

It is one of the most common papers on the market and is manufactured in large quantities. Generally speaking, these sheets are made with a small amount of cellulose and a great deal of filler, which facilitates printing, their main application.

Coated paper

Coated paper is manufactured with more short than long fiber, and the filler is joined to the fiber by means of a binding agent, which may be synthetic or natural.

Tissue paper 

This material is highly absorbent and soft. Its water resistance will depend on the subtype in question: paper used to manufacture handkerchiefs or napkins must withstand liquids to prevent them from falling apart when used, whereas paper used for napkins must dissolve easily. 

Newsprint

Newsprint paper, as its name implies, is used to print newspapers. Its life-cycle is short, normally one day, for obvious reasons. For this reason, material quality does not need to be high and the paper is manufactured with a mechanical pulp containing residue, as the paper does not need to be white.

Cardboard

Cardboard is a product made with paper, although this is not always evident on account of its thickness. It is made with raw, unbleached wood pulp, leading it to maintain its original brown color. As appearance is not a concern, it is normally made with recycled material.

Paperboard

This material is used to make most food containers, such as cereal or biscuit packaging. Paperboards are made of very short fibers which are not usually virgin fibers since the inner layer does not need to be white.

Fine art paper

Fine arts paper must have different technical and functional characteristics depending on the artistic technique. This material was devised as a more economical option to canvases: in fact, some of these papers actually featured excellent characteristics and can withstand almost a Century without turning yellow.

This all paper is made from trees, but sometimes it happens that due to the cutting of trees oxygen level will decrease so nowadays most of the paper are being recycled so that reason more trees are not being cut.

Process of converting use paper into a new one 

The process of waste paper recycling most often involves mixing used/old paper with water and chemicals to break it down. It is then chopped up and heated, which breaks it down further into strands of cellulose, a type of organic plant material; this resulting mixture is called the pulp, or slurry. It is strained through screens, which remove or plastic (especially from plastic-coated paper) that may still be in the mixture then cleaned, de-inked (ink is removed), bleached, and mixed with water. Then it can be made into new recycled paper.