Easy , best soil for plants
Soil is very very important and it performs a very important job, everything is depended on soil little- little things are linked. The farmer is the best friend of the soil because he whatever he produces vegetables, fruits, etc from the soil only.
Soil is a material composed of five ingredients like minerals, organic matter, living organisms, gas, and water.
soil minerals are divided into three — clay, silt, and sand; the percentages of particles in these size classes are called soil texture.
Soil is a product of several factors: the influence of climate, organisms, and the soil' materials interacting over time.
inland there are different layers of soil and different type of soil each soil is different and soil output for plants is different.
How is soil being created
In an easy way, the soil is formed from stones, due to large mountains and from that flowing of water it breaks the stone in little peace, and after some time soil is getting ready but it takes many many years to create soil. soil formation can be considered from many standpoints, including from the study of soil science as a field in its own right. However, the soil is most important in ecological function as the basis for the growth of terrestrial plants, including supplying nutrients, water, temperature moderation, and support. However, in many cases, the soil is a slowly renewable resource, and degraded soil can sometimes be restored to serve much of its original ecological function, though restoration may take decades or longer. A primary understanding of soil is achieved through the study of the soil profile, interactions of soil material with organisms, and the movement of water through the soil profile by leaching.
How to maintain soil fertility
Firstly when we are planting plants in the soil for 1 year then try to change plant another plant bin the same soil because it will increase the fertility of the soil. It happens many times people plant one type of plant but the question comes why the growth is not taking place? because each time a new plant help to increase fertility. when we are plating every time the same plant it will not give big output but at the same time, we change it will give nice output.
Every time it happens that after the cut of plants of rice people burn land to clear all things but it creates a problem because burning all earthworms (farmer friend) dies so it can also reduce the fertility of the soil. Every time earthworms stay in the soil for soil fertility but if they die then next time it will create a huge problem.
Try to give natural fertilizer to plants because of chemical fertilizer it will help plants for more amount of output but it will destroy soil while using fertilizer use in the limit.
Try to dump waste fruits and vegetables into the soil it will make the soil very strong.
Try to avoid dump plastic into the soil it reduces soil fertility.
Some are points as follow's
Manure :
The amounts of nutrients that become available to the plants depend on the time of year the manure is applied and how quickly it is worked into the soil. Existing soil conditions also affect how quickly the nutrients in the manure are available. Animal manures supply different amounts of nutrients depending on the animal species, feed, bedding, and manure storage practices.
Compost:
If compost is made in this manner, then it can be applied to plants with no restrictions of timing. However, if compost is not made in this way and contains manure, then it must be applied according to the timing restrictions for raw manure. If the compost contains only plant material, then it is considered plant waste and carries no timing restrictions.
Leaf and plant-waste compost :
It is increasingly available, or you can make it yourself. In many cases, the compost is a good product, but it is sometimes ridden with “impurities” such as car waste, pesticides, and garbage
Dried raw seaweed:
It tends to contain about 1 percent nitrogen, a trace of phosphorus, and 2 percent potash, along with magnesium, sulfur, and numerous trace elements. Raw seaweeds are prepared by various methods and sold under a number of brand names.
Fish meal :
It is most frequently used as a feed additive but can be used as a fertilizer. Fish emulsion usually has an analysis of around 4-4-1. The fish emulsion may be fortified with chemical fertilizer, so organic farmers should be suspicious of any product with phosphorus content in excess of 4 percent.
Types of soil
Sand
It is the most extensively used construction material. It consists of particles of rock and hard minerals, such as silicon dioxide. They are the largest type of soil particles, where each particle is visible to the naked eye. The large, relatively stable sand-particle size increases soil aeration, improves drainage in tight soils, and creates plant-growth supporting qualities.
Silt
Silt is a non-plastic or low plasticity material due to its fineness. Due to its fineness, when wet it becomes a smooth mud that you can form easily into balls or other shapes in your hand and when silt soil is very wet, it blends seamlessly with water to form fine, runny puddles of mud.
Clay
Clay particles are the finest of all the soil particles It consists of microscopic and sub-microscopic particles derived from the chemical decomposition of rocks. Clay is a fine-grained cohesive soil. They stick together readily and form a sticky or gluey texture when they are wet or dry. Clay is made of over 25 percent clay, and because of the spaces found between clay particles, clay soils hold a high amount of water. Clay expands when in contact with water and shrink when getting dry.
Loam
Loam is a mixture of clay, sand, and silt and benefits from the qualities of these 3 different textures, favoring water retention, air circulation, drainage, and fertility. These soils are fertile, easy to work with, and provide good drainage.
Which soil is good and healthy?
Black/dark brown soil usually indicates the presence of decaying organic matter so is generally fertile. Pale brown/yellow soil often indicates that organic matter and nutrients are low and this generally means poor fertility and structure.
Soil layers
There are 6 Horizons. From the top-down, they are Horizon O, A, E, B, C, and R. Each horizon has certain characteristics.
O Horizon :
The top, organic layer of soil, made up mostly of leaf litter and humus (decomposed organic matter).
A Horizon:
The layer called topsoil; it is found below the O horizon and above the E horizon. Seeds germinate and plant roots grow in this dark colored layer. It is made up of humus (decomposed organic matter) mixed with mineral particles.
E Horizon :
This eluviation (leaching) layer is light in color; this layer is beneath the A Horizon and above the B Horizon. It is made up mostly of sand and silt, having lost most of its minerals and clay as water drips through the soil.
B Horizon :
Also called the subsoil this layer is beneath the E Horizon and above the C Horizon. It contains clay and mineral deposits (like iron, aluminum oxides, and calcium carbonate) that it receives from layers above it when mineralized water drips from the soil above.
C Horizon :
Also called regolith: the layer beneath the B Horizon and above the R Horizon. It consists of a slightly broken up bedrock. Plant roots do not penetrate into this layer; very little organic material is found in this layer.
R Horizon Bedrock:
The unweathered rock (bedrock) layer that is beneath all the other layers. Bedrock is made up of igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rock.
Types of Soil Color: | |
| Clear or White Soil Color | |
They may be white from which they may be influenced by calcium and magnesium carbonates, gypsum. Often, a white layer, mostly quartz occurs between organic matter on the surface where pigments were removed. | |
| Brown Soil Color | |
Brown soils might be brown from decaying plant material. The darker color often indicates an increase in the decomposed organic matter known as humus. The soil has living organisms and dead organic matter, which decomposes into black humus. In forested areas, organic matter accumulates on top of the soil. | |
| Yellow or Red Soil Color | |
Yellow or red soil indicates the presence of oxidized ferric iron oxides. The red color might be mainly due to ferric oxides occurring as thin coatings on the soil particles while the iron oxide occurs as hematite or as hydrous ferric oxide, the color is red and when it occurs in the hydrate form as limonite the soil gets a yellow color. | |
| Grey Soil Color | |
Organic matter plays an indirect, but crucial role in the removal of iron and manganese pigments in wet soils. All bacteria, including those that reduce iron and manganese, must have a food source. Therefore, anaerobic bacteria thrive in concentrations of organic matter, particularly in dead roots. Here, concentrations of gray mottles develop. | |
1) Suitable for poorly drained soil. Excellent incorporation.
2) Less winter wind erosion from the roughened surface. Well adapted to poorly drained soils.
3) Less erosion with more residue.
4) Excellent for furrow irrigation or poorly drained soils. . Well suited for organic production.
5) Tilled residue-free strip warms quickly. Injection of nutrients into the row area. Well suited for poorly drained soils.
DISADVANTAGES OF SOIL:-
1) Major soil erosion. High soil moisture loss. Timeliness considerations. Higher fuel and labor costs.
2) Little erosion control. High soil moisture loss. Shredding may be needed for residue flow. Medium fuel and labor requirements.
3) Little erosion control with more operations. High soil moisture loss. Destroys soil structure.
4) No incorporation. Increased dependence on herbicides. Slow soil warming on poorly drained soils...
5) No incorporation. Must be annual row crops. Wheel spacing and other machinery modifications may be needed. Creating and maintaining ridges.
Really informative
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